Menopause brings a wave of changes—some expected, some less so. One of the biggest challenges? Losing muscle mass and gaining unwanted fat. But here’s the good news: with the right approach, you can regain strength, build lean muscle, and fire up your metabolism well into your 50s, 60s, and beyond.
I’m Chris Freytag, a personal trainer and health coach with over 35 years of experience. And let me tell you, there is a lot I do differently at 59 vs. 39!
I’ve been through menopause myself, and I know firsthand that staying strong is one of the best things you can do for your long-term health.
Let’s break down what’s happening in your body and how you can take control with strength training, smart nutrition, and lifestyle shifts.
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Understanding the Physiological Changes of Menopause and Muscle Loss
When a woman tells me it seems harder to keep muscle on after menopause, it’s true. But keeping a positive attitude, it’s not impossible.
There are a few things that come to light at this time of life.
Hormonal Shifts and Their Impact on Muscle Protein Synthesis
As estrogen levels decline, muscle protein synthesis slows down. This means your body doesn’t rebuild and repair muscle tissue as efficiently as it used to.
At the same time, progesterone and testosterone—two hormones that also play a role in muscle maintenance—shift, leading to an increased risk of muscle loss.
The result? If you’re not actively strength training, you could be losing half a pound of muscle per year after 35!
The Connection Between Menopause, Sarcopenia, and Osteoporosis
Sarcopenia is the age-related loss of muscle mass, and it’s closely linked to osteoporosis. When muscles shrink, bone density tends to follow. The stronger your muscles are, the more they protect your bones—helping to prevent fractures and maintain independence as you age.
That’s why weight-bearing exercises and resistance training are essential for keeping both your muscles and bones strong.
Increased Inflammation and Insulin Resistance: Barriers to Muscle Growth
Menopause often brings low-grade inflammation, which can make it harder to build muscle and recover from workouts.
Insulin resistance is another challenge, as shifting hormone levels can make it easier to store fat—especially around the belly—while making it harder to use glucose for energy.
The key? Managing inflammation through exercise and an anti-inflammatory diet.
How I Use Strength Training for Muscle Growth Post-Menopause
There isn’t a short cut to maintaining muscle in menopause and there isn’t a pill you can take, you have to put in the hard work.
Prioritizing Compound Exercises for Maximum Muscle Activation
If you’re only doing isolated exercises (think: bicep curls or leg lifts), you’re missing out. Compound movements for muscle building like squats, lunges, deadlifts, and push-ups engage multiple muscle groups at once, helping you build strength faster and burn more calories.
Check out the benefits of functional strength training and how it can keep you stronger in everyday life!
Progressive Overload: The Key to Continuous Muscle Adaptation
Your muscles need a reason to grow, which means gradually increasing the challenge.
Whether it’s lifting heavier weights, increasing reps, or slowing down movements to create more time under tension, progressive overload when lifting weights is how you continue making gains.
Optimal Training Frequency and Volume for Post-Menopausal Women
The sweet spot? Resistance training at least 2-4 times a week, working each major muscle group at least twice.
Recovery is just as important, so don’t forget rest days. See how I prevent joint pain during exercise in middle age.
Incorporating High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) for Fat Loss and Muscle Preservation
HIIT isn’t just for younger athletes—it’s one of the best ways to maintain muscle and burn fat. The short bursts of intense work followed by rest periods help rev up your metabolism and preserve lean muscle while keeping workouts efficient.
I love my moderate intensity daily walks for getting in steps and keeping active during the day but if you are capable, try fitting in one or two HIIT workouts per week.
I also make sure to use a walking pad during my work day to get extra steps.
Addressing Pelvic Floor Health and Core Stability in Strength Training
A strong core is non-negotiable, especially post-menopause. Your core connects your upper body and lower body, supports balance, and protects your back. But one area that often gets overlooked? The pelvic floor.
Many women experience a weakening of these muscles after menopause, leading to issues like urinary incontinence—cue the dreaded sneeze, laugh, or jump that results in an unexpected leak. The good news? You can train your pelvic floor just like any other muscle.
Incorporating exercises like planks, deadbugs, and glute bridges helps build overall core strength, but adding in intentional pelvic floor activation—like Kegels, diaphragmatic breathing, and Pilates-based movements—can make a huge difference.
Nutritional Considerations for Muscle Growth During and After Menopause
What you put in your mouth in your midlife makes a big difference. Fueling for strength and better energy is key to your overall well being.
You may not realize it yet, but food can help you manage menopause! Check out why:
Prioritizing Protein Intake: Sources and Timing
Protein is your best friend for muscle maintenance and recovery. Plus protein helps keep you feeling full. Aim for at least 20-30 grams of high-quality protein per meal from sources like lean meats, fish, eggs, Greek yogurt, and plant-based options like lentils and tofu.
See how I get 30 gram of protein in every meal!
The Role of Carbohydrates and Healthy Fats in Muscle Recovery and Hormone Balance
Carbs are fuel, and fats support hormone production. You need both of them for your body to operate properly and to maintain energy. Prioritize complex carbs like sweet potatoes, quinoa, and veggies.
Get your healthy fats from sources like avocados, nuts, and olive oil.
Managing Inflammation Through Diet: Anti-Inflammatory Foods
Turmeric, leafy greens, fatty fish, and berries can help lower inflammation and keep your joints and muscles in top shape. Avoid all ultra processed foods that is and focus on real food.
Hydration and Its Impact on Muscle Function and Recovery
Dehydration can lead to muscle cramps and slow recovery. Aim for at least half your body weight in ounces of water per day. I personally drink around 80 ounces a day.
I use one packet of LMNT electrolytes to help with my workouts and give some flavor to my water.
Supplementation Strategies: Creatine, Vitamin D, Calcium, and Magnesium
While a well-balanced diet should be your primary source of nutrients, certain supplements can play a key role in supporting muscle growth, recovery, and overall health post-menopause.
Here’s a closer look at four powerhouse supplements that can help you stay strong and energized:
| Creatine | Often associated with bodybuilders, creatine is actually one of the most well-researched supplements for women, especially as we age. It helps improve muscle strength, endurance, and recovery, making it easier to maintain lean muscle mass. Studies also suggest that creatine may support brain health and cognitive function—another important factor as we get older. |
| Vitamin D | This sunshine vitamin is essential for calcium absorption and plays a crucial role in bone health. As estrogen levels drop post-menopause, the risk of osteoporosis increases, making vitamin D even more important. It also supports immune function and has been linked to improved mood and energy levels. |
| Calcium | Strong bones need calcium, but it’s not just about preventing fractures—it also plays a role in muscle contractions and nerve function. Since many women don’t get enough from their diet alone, supplementation may help, especially when paired with vitamin D for better absorption. |
| Magnesium | Often overlooked, magnesium is a game-changer for muscle function, relaxation, and recovery. It helps reduce muscle cramps, supports better sleep, and aids in managing stress by regulating cortisol levels. Magnesium also plays a role in bone density and can help with insulin sensitivity, which is important for keeping metabolism in check. |
As always, it’s best to consult with your doctor before starting any new supplement, especially if you have underlying health conditions or are taking medications.
Finding the right balance can help optimize muscle growth, recovery, and overall well-being post-menopause.
Lifestyle Factors for Optimizing Muscle Growth and Overall Well-being
Mental health and sleep play a part in your body composition. Remember, you are the manager of your overall health.
Stress Management Techniques: Reducing Cortisol Levels
Chronic stress raises cortisol, which can contribute to muscle breakdown and belly fat. Meditation, yoga, and deep breathing can help keep stress in check.
Prioritizing Quality Sleep for Muscle Recovery and Hormone Regulation
Sleep is when your body repairs muscle and balances hormones. Aim for 7-9 hours of quality rest each night.
The Importance of Social Support and Community
Finding a workout buddy, joining a fitness class, or simply having a support system makes it easier to stay consistent and motivated.
Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) Considerations and Muscle Health
Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) can be a helpful tool for some women in maintaining muscle mass and bone density, but it’s not the only way to stay strong. You can absolutely build muscle without it!
That said, for me personally, HRT made a big difference—not just in my ability to train effectively, but in my overall well-being. It helped balance my energy levels, improved my sleep, and provided the added benefit of estrogen’s protective effects on brain, bone, and heart health.
I personally use the estrogen patch and take progesterone at night, but every woman’s needs are different. If you’re considering HRT, consult with a healthcare professional to determine what’s best for your body and long-term health.
Final Thoughts
Menopause isn’t the end of your strength—it’s the beginning of a new phase where you get to prioritize your health in a way that sets you up for long-term vitality. Strength training, smart nutrition, and lifestyle shifts can help you build muscle, burn fat, and feel more energetic than ever.
Let’s make this phase of life one where you feel your absolute best—strong, confident, and ready to take on anything!
